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Home
Lessons
Foreword
Introduction
Driving Factors
Target Audiences
Organization
Internationalization
Objectives
Character Sets and Unicode
Planes
Transformation Formats
UTF-8
UTF-16
UTF-32
Endianness
Byte-order Marks
UTF-16 in JavaScript
Base 64 Encoding
Detecting Encodings
Encoding Conversion
Normalization
ICU
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Java
Numeric Entities
Demos
Implementation
Writing Systems
Fonts
Font Subsetting
FOIT and FOUT
Tailoring CSS
Ligatures, Contextual Forms
Rendering
[cut?] Caching
[cut?] CDNs
[cut?] Service Workers
Lazy Loading
Text Flow
Directionality
Vertical Text
Page Layout
Script Lengths
Text Orientation
Layout Aesthetics
Button Placement
Menus and Navigation
Advanced Layouts
Language Features
Numerals
Collation
Pluralization
Ordinal Numbers
Grammar
Inclusive Language
Directionality
Line Breaks and Wrapping
Encoding
Typography
Idiomatic Expressions
Input Methods
Validation
Complex Scripts
Cultural Nuances
Storage and Processing
Implementation
User Input
Input Methods
Validation
Autocomplete
Form Encoding
Accessibility
Bidirectional Text
Testing
Examples
Exercises
Further Reading
Indexing and Search
Indexing
Normalization
Tokenization
Stemming
Stop Words
Field Weighting
TF-IDF
Alternate Spellings
[cut?] Aggregation and Hierarchies
Index Maintenance
Search Features
Full-Text Search
Advanced Search
User Experience
Tools and Technologies
Implementation
Testing and Validation
Data Formatting
Dates and Times
Separating Content from Code
Resource Files
Language and Locale Separation
Language & Locale Selection
Adaptable User Interfaces
International Addresses
Currency Conversion
Configuration Files
Best Practices
Localization
UI/UX
Numeric Data
Contact Information
Collation
Localizing for Culture
SEO
Advertising
Payment Methods
Legal & Compliance
Libraries & APIs
Prioritization
Locale Experts
Case Studies
Translation
Transcreation
Multi-Language Support
Multiple Scripts
Translation Best Practices
Multilingual Search
Indexing
Tagging
Full-text Search
Accessibility
Key Concepts
Accessible Design
Implementing Accessibility
SEO
Case Studies
Project Management
The Future
Appendices
Glossary
Resources and Further Reading
Checklists and Templates
Index
Directory Structure
Global Regulations
Privacy
Accessibility
Language
published
15 November 2024
by
Ray Morgan
updated
3 January 2025
Introduction to Key Concepts
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